There have been those who have recently complained that we do not post dharma talks often enough, or cover more advanced dharma topics online. So I thought I would take a few moments to address this in our Dharma talk.
While it is true that as their spiritual teacher, I provide certain members of the sangha with more advanced instruction, that is because they have been with the teaching longer, and are ready for that instruction. There are also aspects of the instruction which must be or are best given in person.
Within the canonical texts, we find support for this idea of gradual instruction. Both the Buddha’s teachings, and the teachings of Rav Yeshua are infused with the idea that the dharma is given gradually, and at times individually.
In the Udanavarga, we read of a time when the Buddha Sakyamuni was giving a discourse, and spotted among the sangha, a leper. Buddha asked, "Who here is capable of understanding the Dharma?" And realising the leper, who was traditionally outcaste in his culture, had all the potential of a Buddha, because it is every being’s essential nature to become a Buddha, Sakyamuni began directing his teaching to this leper (referred to in scriptures as Suppabuddha). We read:
So, aiming at Suppabuddha the leper, he gave a step-by-step talk, i.e., a talk on giving, a talk on virtue, a talk on heaven; he declared the drawbacks, degradation, & corruption of sensual passions, and the rewards of renunciation. Then when he saw that Suppabuddha the leper’s mind was ready, malleable, free from hindrances, elated, & bright, he then gave the Dhamma-talk peculiar to Awakened Ones, i.e., stress, origination, cessation, & path. And just as a clean cloth, free of stains, would properly absorb a dye, in the same way, as Suppabuddha the leper was sitting in that very seat, the dustless, stainless Dhamma eye arose within him, "Whatever is subject to origination is all subject to cessation."
Udanavarga 5.3
And so it is with our teaching. This gradual path is developed so that the student, taking time to personally reflect and act upon the essential ideas of the Dharma, can discover new aspects and dimensions of the laws of karma (cause and effect), and from that, develop an fundamental framework upon which the more advanced teachings will be established.
Our path is substantially different from the approach most Westerners take toward teaching the Dharma.
In the West, the first aspect focused upon with any intensity by most Western gurus is the aspect of meditation and samadhi. And these are extremely important aspects of the practice, to be sure. However, when we look at the gradual path taught by the Buddha, we discover that he did not introduce these topics until much later in the teaching. And I believe that was because it is more logical and useful to first establish a firm foundation in the development of the right view and right actions of the practitioner, so that right mindfulness and right concentration can be more easily, readily and fully attained.
For this reason, we focus on compassion, generosity and loving-kindness, as a process by which the unawakened practitioner begins to replace the habituation of self-cherishing, delusional and fear-based attachments with more skillful modes of thought and behaviour.
And so a practitioner first learns to recognise and replace their attachments to wrong-views, illusory perceptions, sensuality, selfishness and other unskillful modes of behaviour with the detached, clear and compassion-focused mind. This clearer thought process and behaviour set the stage, so that one may begin to give rise to greater compassion (Bodhicitta), and develop a true sense of balance and peace.
No longer reliant on sensory gratification as a means of attaining happiness, the practitioner finds that all actions, including speech, eating, relaxing, sexuality, work and sleep are no longer something they cling to, or perceive as a means of happiness at all. These are simply part of their biological or psychological make-up as human beings, and are no longer a source of attachment. This does not mean that loving relationships are discarded, but instead that they deepen, so that in detachment, one finds a greater level of true love, concern and compassion that is no longer motivated by selfish desires.
It is during this stage, which many of our present students aspire to, that one focuses on achieving a positive rebirth in what we call the "Pure Land" or Dewachen.
As the practitioner grows in their mindfulness training, they begin to realise that even rebirth in Dewachen will not bring lasting happiness, since it remains part of the cycle of rebirth. When this realisation is attained, then the only natural path for that student becomes the path of renunciation. Only then do we consider the student for admission to the advanced training.
The focus of advanced training in the Dharma is understanding the implications of the Four Noble Truths as a path of ultimate detachment. We begin more intensive instruction on how to develop mindfulness, right concentration and employing the use of skillful means. And we find that by placing these instructions at the end of the gradual path, rather than at the beginning, the practitioner is better suited for understanding them and employing them.
When asked to validate the reason for my teaching in this method, I offer only one explanation, which was the direct result of my three-month solitary retreat, in 2006. During that retreat, part of my daily study included reading and contemplating upon the writings and biographies (namtar) of Je Tsongkhapa and Guru Rinpoche, whom I consider to be my two most influential teachers, followed by His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama, His Eminence Tsem Tulku Rinpoche, Her Eminence Ma Jaya Sati Bhagavati (Tenzin Yangchen Ma) and the late Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche.
In his work, Natural Liberation, Guru Rinpoche (Padmasabhava) teached:
"It’s not enough just to sit down and then, with a totally mundane motivation, proceed into meditation. Rather, among the possibilities of having a virtuous, nonvirtuous or ethically neutral motivation, it is necessary to bring forth a virtuous motivation, specifically the spirit of awakening for the sake of all sentient beings."
It was at that point, and following a number of personal meditational experiences that I became aware of the need to distance myself from institutional religions, and begin teaching the Dharma in the gradual method admonished by Guru Rinpoche and Je Tsongkhapa. And it was then that I realised that a new look at the vinaya was necessary, so that it could be interpreted in a way that was culturally relevant to the Western world, and purged of some of the cultural baggage and mythos from which it was derived.
I have, over the past year and a half, reached out to many in the local community, here in in historic Lancaster, Pennsylvania. I have also made attempts to connect in more meaningful ways with members of the Buddhist community in Harrisburg, even though it is forty miles away from here. The Lancaster community is still heavily influenced by a pervasive ultra-conservative, religious traditionalism and sectarian mindset.
Although there have been a number of folks I’ve connected with, who would love to see a Dharma centre established, and who recognise, as we did, that there are literally dozens of former crack houses, just blocks from the present temporary ladrang, which could be easily restored and turned into a facility that both serves as a dharma centre and residence for the lama’s household and sangha office, those folks are not willing to "come out" publicly in support of such a project. What’s more, they are unwilling to financially support the project, since doing so might negatively impact their businesses or careers.
And in Harrisburg, the members of the New Kadampa sect are somewhat rabidly opposed to His Holiness the Dalai Lama and tend to be somewhat exclusive of those not part of their particular sect. And their obsession with the “hungry ghost” Shugden is not something we find reasonable, healthy or desirable, particularly in light of His Holiness’ teachings on the matter.
For these reasons, and given the recent turn of events in which the funding for the new ladrang in Harrisburg fell through, we have decided to renew our focus on finding an affordable home in the Greater Washington, D.C. area. (which means anywhere that is accessible via the D.C. Metro transportation system, including portions of Maryland and Virginia). We would appreciate it if our friends, students and benefactors would keep us in their thoughts and keep a mindful eye out for potential properties we could rent or rent with an option to buy. We would only need a large two-bedroom (with a basement) or three bedroom apartment, which would allow a small (house-trained) pet.
In closing this week’s Dharma talk, I would like to especially thank all of you who joined me in offering pujas and tsog on behalf of Ani Thubten Palchen of the Kunzang Palyul Choling. Her Eminence Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo has personally expressed her gratitude on behalf of her entire satsang.
Your expression of compassion and condolences represent what we call kusala-karma, an action which brings forth harmlessness and generates merit, which ultimately leads us to non-suffering. The noble ones explained that kusala dharma would bring forth benefits, not only in this present life, but also in many future lives.
The Contemplative Order of Compassion continues to stand in solidarity with those members of the Theravadan School of Buddhism, who courageously decided to put an end to the discriminatory practices of excluding women from ordination as monks.
As Phra Brahmavamso and Ajahn Brahmavamso, the two abbots who were excommunicated from the Wat Nong Pah Pong Sangha, discern their next steps, we offer our support, compassion and gratitude for their fearlessness and kusala. We likewise compassionately hope for the awareness of those trapped by attachment to literal and archaic vinaya to become freed from their fundamentalist views, and realise that the dharma and Middle Way is fully available to all beings; and that ordination was never intended to be an exclusivist act, but rather an affirmation of one’s renunciation of attachment to the sensory world.
Until we have the fortune of being together again, I wish for you all a week blessed with awareness and filled with mindfulness.
Namasté
dharmacharya gurudas sunyatananda
_____________________________________________
“Chenrezig, Treasure of Objectless Compassion;
Manjushri, Lord of Stainless Wisdom;
Vajrapani, Destroyer of all adversarial forces;
O Je Tsong Khapa – Losang Drakpa —
Crown Jewel of the Sages of the Land of Snows,
Humbly at Your Lotus Feet I ask your blessing.”
_____________________________________________
Drawing on the essential teachings of the great spiritual teachers, philosophers and freethinkers throughout time, Dharmacharya Gurudas Śunyatananda (retired Archbishop Francis-Maria Salvato, O.C.) has been regarded as a provocative, revolutionary “voice of reason” within the field of religion and spirituality, since 1983. Having the distinction of being one of the few openly non-theistic, openly-gay and post-denominational thinkers ever to serve as Bishop-Exarch and spiritual leader of the autocephalic Eastern Catholic Franciscans in North America, Gurudas is the author of more than 600 articles, eight books and currently serves as the spiritual advisor for a non-theistic, intentional spiritual community, The Spiritus Project. He can be reached at: http://dharmadudeunplugged.com
Copyright ©2008, His Eminence Dharmacharya Gurudas Sunyatananda (The Most Reverend Dr. F. Francis-Maria G. Salvato, M.Sc., O.C.). All rights reserved. This material may be reproduced, blogged, quoted or distributed, provided the entire copyright including contact information remain intact. It may NOT be altered in any way, without express written permission.